Southern Colorado Plateau Sand Shrubland

EVT 7093
CES304.793G4ShrubShrubland
Summary
This large-patch ecological system is found on the south-central Colorado Plateau in northeastern Arizona extending into southern and central Utah. It occurs on windswept mesas, broad basins and plains at low to moderate elevations (1300-1800 m). Substrates are stabilized sandsheets or shallow to moderately deep sandy soils that may form small hummocks or small coppice dunes. This semi-arid, open shrubland is typically dominated by short shrubs (10-30 % cover) with a sparse graminoid layer. The woody layer is often a mixture of shrubs and dwarf-shrubs. Characteristic species include Ephedra cutleri, Ephedra torreyana, Ephedra viridis, and Artemisia filifolia. Coleogyne ramosissima is typically not present. Poliomintha incana, Parryella filifolia, Quercus havardii var. tuckeri, or Ericameria nauseosa may be present to dominant locally. Ephedra cutleri and Ephedra viridis often assume a distinctive matty growth form. Characteristic grasses include Achnatherum hymenoides, Bouteloua gracilis, Hesperostipa comata, and Pleuraphis jamesii. The general aspect of occurrences is an open low shrubland but may include small blowouts and dunes. Occasionally grasses may be moderately abundant locally and form a distinct layer. Disturbance may be important in maintaining the woody component. Eolian processes are evident, such as pediceled plants, occasional blowouts or small dunes, but the generally higher vegetative cover and less prominent geomorphic features distinguish this system from Inter-Mountain Basins Active and Stabilized Dune (CES304.775).
Source: NatureServe Explorer
Distribution
This system occurs in sandy plains and mesas on the south-central Colorado Plateau in northeastern Arizona extending into southern and central Utah.
Source: NatureServe Explorer
Ecologically Associated Plant Species

Plant species that characterize this ecosystem type, organized by vegetation stratum. These are species ecologically associated with the ecosystem, not confirmed present in any specific area.

Shrub/sapling (tall & short)

Atriplex canescens, Chrysothamnus greenei, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Coleogyne ramosissima, Parryella filifolia, Quercus havardii var. tuckeri, Yucca angustissima

Short shrub/sapling

Artemisia filifolia, Ephedra cutleri, Ephedra torreyana, Ephedra viridis, Ericameria nauseosa, Poliomintha incana

Herb (field)

Achnatherum hymenoides, Bouteloua gracilis, Hesperostipa comata, Muhlenbergia pungens, Pleuraphis jamesii, Sporobolus cryptandrus
Source: NatureServe Ecological System assessment
Ecologically Associated Animals (3)

Animal species ecologically associated with this ecosystem type based on NatureServe assessment. These are species whose habitat requirements overlap with this ecosystem, not confirmed present in any specific roadless area.

Mammals (3)

Common NameScientific NameG-Rank
Ord's Kangaroo RatDipodomys ordiiG5
Plains Pocket MousePerognathus flavescensG5
Silky Pocket MousePerognathus flavusG5
Source: NatureServe Ecological System assessment
At-Risk Species Associated with this Ecosystem (2)

Species with conservation concern that are ecologically associated with this ecosystem type. G-Rank indicates global conservation status: G1 (critically imperiled) through G5 (secure). ESA status indicates U.S. Endangered Species Act listing.

Common NameScientific NameG-RankESA Status
Narrowleaf DunebroomParryella filifoliaG3G4--
Tucker OakQuercus havardii var. tuckeriG4T3?Q--
Source: NatureServe Ecological System assessment
Component Associations (11)

Plant community associations that occur within this ecological system. Associations are the finest level of the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) and describe specific, repeating assemblages of plant species. Each association represents a distinct community type that may be found where this ecosystem occurs.

NameG-Rank
Artemisia filifolia / Bouteloua eriopoda ShrublandG4 NatureServe
Artemisia filifolia - Ephedra (torreyana, viridis) ShrublandGNR NatureServe
Ephedra cutleri ShrublandGNR NatureServe
Ephedra torreyana - Achnatherum hymenoides Hummock ShrublandGNR NatureServe
Ephedra torreyana / Bouteloua eriopoda Shrub GrasslandG2 NatureServe
Ephedra viridis / Achnatherum hymenoides - Bouteloua gracilis Shrub GrasslandG3 NatureServe
Ephedra viridis / Achnatherum hymenoides - Sporobolus cryptandrus Shrub GrasslandG3 NatureServe
Ephedra viridis / Bromus tectorum Ruderal ShrublandGNA NatureServe
Ephedra viridis / Pleuraphis rigida ShrublandG3 NatureServe
Ericameria nauseosa Sand Deposit Sparse ShrublandGNR NatureServe
Poliomintha incana / (Pleuraphis jamesii) ShrublandGNR NatureServe
State Conservation Ranks (2)

Subnational conservation status ranks (S-ranks) assigned by Natural Heritage Programs in each state where this ecosystem occurs. S1 indicates critically imperiled at the state level, S2 imperiled, S3 vulnerable, S4 apparently secure, and S5 secure. An ecosystem may be globally secure but imperiled in specific states at the edge of its range.

StateS-Rank
AZSNR
UTSNR
Methodology and Data Sources

Ecosystem classification: Ecosystems are classified using the LANDFIRE 2024 Existing Vegetation Type (EVT) layer, mapped to NatureServe Terrestrial Ecological Systems via a curated crosswalk. Each EVT is linked to the USNVC (U.S. National Vegetation Classification) hierarchy through pixel-level co-occurrence analysis of LANDFIRE EVT and NatureServe IVC Group rasters across all roadless areas.

Vegetation coverage: Coverage percentages and hectares are derived from zonal statistics of the LANDFIRE 2024 EVT raster intersected with roadless area boundaries.

Ecosystem narratives and community species: Sourced from the NatureServe Explorer API, representing professional ecological assessments of vegetation composition, environmental setting, dynamics, threats, and characteristic species assemblages.

IVC hierarchy: The International Vegetation Classification hierarchy is sourced from the USNVC v3.0 Catalog, providing the full classification from Biome through Association levels.

Component associations: Plant community associations listed as components of each NatureServe Ecological System. Association data from the NatureServe Explorer API.

State ranks: Conservation status ranks assigned by NatureServe member programs in each state where the ecosystem occurs.